Kajian Estetika Terapan Pada Karya Seni Rupa The Way Out...

DAFTAR ISI BAB I 2 1.1 Abstrak 2 1.2 Tinjauan Aspek Formalistik dan Prinsip Desain 3 BAB II 7 2.1 Tinjauan Singkat Sejarah 7 2.2 Tinjauan Dimensi pada Karya Grie 12 2.2.1 Dimensi Psikologi 12 2.2.2 Dimensi Filsafati 14 2.2.3 Dimensi Sosiologis 17 BAB III 19 3.1 Tinjauan Singkat Ikonologis 19 3.2 Interpretasi akan Objek Seni 20 KEPUSTAKAAN 23 BAB I KAJIAN PRA-IKONOGRAFIS 1.1 Abstrak Dalam kajian analisa ini, penulis ingin mencoba melakukan analisa pra-ikonografis pada objek seni rupa berupa sebuah karya seni digital (olah komputer) oleh George Grie dengan judul â€Å"The Way Out: Suicidal Ideation†. â€Å"The Way Out: Suicidal Ideation† adalah sebuah karya seni rupa digital bergaya neosurrealis dengan tema†¦show more content†¦Ditambah dengan adanya sepasang paruh wajah yang terlihat tanpa ekspresi, hal ini sangatlah cocok dengan kondisi psikologis sang pelaku karena adanya depresi dan kesuraman dalam hidupnya. BAB II KAJIAN IKONOGRAFIS 2.1 Tinjauan Singkat Sejarah Surrealisme adalah suatu pergerakan kebudayaan pada awal era 1920-an, dan banyak dikenal melalui karya-karya seni visual dan tulisan. Karya-karya seni surrealis ini pada umumnya menonjolkan unsur-unsur kejutan (elements of surprise), hal-hal yang saling bertentangan (kontras/juxtaposition) dan juga hal-hal yang tidak biasa/irasional (non sequitur); namun, banyak seniman-seniman Surrealisme menganggap karya mereka utamanya sebagai wujud ekspresi pergerakan filosofis dan hasil karyanya adalah artifak seni. Surrealisme berkembang setelah adanya pergerakan Dada (Dadaisme) dimana pusat pergerakannya berada di kota Paris. Setelah tahun 1920-an kedepan, pergerakan surrealism mulai menyebar ke seluruh dunia, yang pada akhirnya sangat mempengaruhu seni-seni visual, film, musik, dan literature pada banyak negara dan bahasa, dengan memiliki dampak juga terhadap pandangan politik, filosofi dan teori-teori sosial. Perang Dunia I telah menyebabkan penulis-penulis dan seniman-seniman yang berpusat di Paris untuk menyebar, dan pada banyak kejadian, banyak dari penulis-penulis dan

Conceptions of the Cold War Essay - 1006 Words

EXPLORING THE 1960s: An Interdisciplinary Approach Professor Daniel Burrello By: Janet Lewis Unit 2 Assignment Due: May 28, 2013 EDWARD C. RADZIK What words or phrases come to mind when you think of the term Cold War? The term Cold War can be defined as the period of political impasse which existed between our country (U.S.A.) and U.S.S.R. from the early 1950s until the fall of Communism in the early 1980s. Words and phrases associated with Cold War include, race to arms, race to space, Bay of Pigs, and The Berlin Wall. Did you ever study the Cold War in school? If so, what are some aspects of the Cold War that you remember? Having been born in 1952, I lived†¦show more content†¦Having air raid drills, having fallout shelters in schools and seeing the barrels of food items stored. Who were the parties involved in the Cold War? The United States and the Soviet Union. Can you name any key events that we mainly associate with the Cold War? The end of World War II when the United States and the Soviet Union were allies against Germany. After the war the Soviet Union wanted to expand its power and influence in Europe by destroying Germany and creating other Soviet states, the United States wanted to rebuild the country and turn it into a democracy. Thats why until recently, there was an East and West Germany. Also, in the 1960s, the Soviet Union sent nuclear missiles to Cuba which is only 90 miles off the coast of Florida as a show of strength to intimidate President Kennedy. JAMES RUDDY What words or phrases come to mind when you think of the term Cold War? Cuba missile crisis, Berlin Wall, Ronald Reagan and Checkpoint Charley. Did you ever study the Cold War in school? If so, what are some aspects of the Cold War that you remember? Yes. Cuba missile crisis and air raid drill. Who were the parties involved in the Cold War? U.S. and Soviet Union. Can you name any key events that we mainly associate with the Cold War? 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These disagreementsRead MoreThe Realist Versus Liberalist Debate1432 Words   |  6 Pageswidely believed conception that studying the present implies studying the past, which would help us understand the mistakes we’ve done and make us avoid them similar concept to the â€Å"We learn from our mistakes† concept. After all, James Rosenau did say of theory as being â€Å"a framework for understanding the world,† . For instance, if we take as an example the Second World War, studying it will mean studying its causes which would help us avoid a similar case in the Future. The Second World War is not a randomRead MorePort Huron Statement Analysis956 Words   |  4 PagesIn 1962 America was going through a tough period, marked by the Cold War, against USSR and its communism. This was also the time of the Vietnam War and the Arms Race, with the possession of the nuclear weapon, and the president of the time, John F. Kennedy was a fervent believer in the â€Å"Domino Theory† and intended to contain communism. This situation was one of the elements that would lead to people’s dissatisfaction and fear, and to many contestations through popular means, like music, for exampleRead MoreModernization Theory Of The Post War Years1324 Words   |  6 Pagessentiment with regards to development following the Second World War. The United States found themselves in a unique position where they had shown their military and technological prowess, were the only vict or whose infrastructure had not been damaged by the war and saw themselves as the technological leader of the world and a model to be emulated. Along with growing fears about Cold War tensions and the threat of communism, the domestic post-war environment contributed to the emergence of the predominant

Life of Walt Whitman Free Essays

Walt Whitman is one of the most eminent poets of America who expressed the condition of nineteenth century American society in his works, which always reflected the cruel, unjust and discerning face of the country. In his period the Americans reviewed those illustrations unpatriotic so his poetic license was very much condemned. At the time of his death only he got recognition by his country. We will write a custom essay sample on Life of Walt Whitman or any similar topic only for you Order Now Walt Whitman was born on May 31, 1819 in West Hills, New York. His father, Walter Whitman, Sr., was a carpenter and farmer. Whitman was named after his father. His origin was mixed with English and Dutch. He was the second son of Walter Whitman and Louisa Van Velsor, the granddaughter of a sea captain. When Walt was not just even four years old, Walter Sr. with his family that consisted of nine children moved to Brooklyn, which was a growing city, across from New York. As he was not successful in any of his trade so he decided to try his fortune in house building. And when Walt was six year old, General Lafayette who visited the New York that time carried him. This is described in some of Walt’s stories (Ed Folsom and Kenneth M. Price). Walt was born in a newly shaped United States. The young Whitman got lots of opportunities to gather experience from his farm life and the new city society that helped him to prepare his attitude for writing. Walt’s love for living close to the East River later reflected in his poem â€Å"Crossing Brooklyn Ferry†, published in 1856 where he has shared his experience that how as a child he used to ride ferries onwards and reverse to New York city. That was the most reminiscent experience in his life. This daily commuting became the symbol of the way from life to death and to life again (Ed Folsom and Kenneth M. Price). In Brooklyn Whitman finished his elementary schooling. He spent his six years in Brooklyn public school with different backgrounds and age group children. He described later in his journals and poetry that he never liked physical punishment in schools. Except this formal education of schooling he received most of the significant education from outside like visiting museums and libraries and by attending lectures. He never forgot the first great lecture given by Quaker leader, Elias Hicks who was a very good friend of his grandfather Jesse. In his boyhood, Whitman’s one of the favorite activities was to visit his grandparents on Long Island and the beauty of that mystical land attracted him a lot. His love to that place is revealed from his poem â€Å"Out of the Cradle Endlessly Rocking†. As Whitman grew up in both places like growing and energetic city Brooklyn and idle Long Island countryside, the double adherence of urban and rural life can be marked out in his poetry (Ed Folsom and Kenneth M. Price). When Whitman finished his formal schooling, at the age of eleven, he started working as a clerk in a local office of some lawyers where his work was related to the libraries and there he got chance to start with his informal education. His love to get engaged with everyone in conversation and discussion also increased his knowledge. He was also a nonstop reader. When other celebrated writers of his time were taking well-arranged education from private institutions, Whitman was busy in gathering information about history, literature, music and some other fields from the fastest growing city New York. In 1831 he learnt printing trade during being an apprentice in Patriot, a newspaper and started liking written word. Here he observed how the thoughts could be changed in to language and soon could be transmitted to the readers. As he was mainly self-taught, he became familiar with the works of Dante, Shakespeare, Homer and the Bible. At the age of twelve only he also added his words in the newspaper. In 1833, his family moved back to the West Hills. Whitman was alone in the city experiencing the freedom that could make his career. These were the years, which taught him the changing parameters of life that reflects in his poetry also. In his poetry, journalism and prose one can find focus on the history of Brooklyn, Long Island and New York City. Walt was living separately from his family and was increasing his knowledge from different sources like in the libraries he read about Sir Walter Scott, James Cooper and other romance novelists. He saw the theatres where he liked Shakespeare a lot. Richard III had always been Whitman’s favorite play. He gathered lots of knowledge from different lectures of Francis Wright who was a Scottish Women’s right advocate   (Ed Folsom and Kenneth M. Price). At the age of sixteen he was about to set his career in the printing trade and news paper when in two cases of fire destruction in the printing industry of New York city stopped him and in 1836 Whitman joined his family back in Hampstead. Though Whitman had very little formal education still he developed some skills of reading and writing through the profession of apprentice in the newspaper. That was sufficient for the type of teaching he could do for some time. He opposed his father who wanted him to work on their new farm, as he never wanted to be a farmer. Only teaching was the career left for him to support him and his family in a very bad financial situation. In his five years of teaching profession he taught in many different towns of Long Island with a very little payment. Whitman proved to be a good teacher and he encouraged the students to think instead of only reciting. He discouraged the punishment and he involved the students in educational games. Whitman’s educational philosophy can be understood in his poem â€Å"There Was a Child Went Forth† commemorating extra curricular learning. He valued the variety of education. His suspicion for the classroom is produced from the poem â€Å"Song Of Myself† where a child ask the question â€Å"What is a grass?† and this is the question that makes Whitman thinking for a simple question. He kept himself energetic by discussing about societies. He also did campaigning for Martin Van Buren’s and became the hard worker for the Democratic Party. In 1838, he tried to start his own newspaper ‘The Long Islander’. He also bought a press and kept his brother George as an assistant. Though he actively wrote, published and edited still, he could not continue long in this field and unwillingly he had to continue in teaching and by 1841 his teaching career was almost at end. He was happy with his newspaper work and could not find happiness in teaching. In the late 1840s, Whitman wrote some journalistic pieces and by the early 1860s, he permanently left teaching career, as he did not find himself suited in this career. Then he decided not to make his career in fiction writing, instead establish himself in the career of journalism. His poetry and fiction was published in about twenty newspapers and magazines. His stories were published in Democratic Review, the most reputed magazine of the nation. His stories are full of professional and psychological matters. His story ‘The Shadow and The Light of a Young Man’s Soul’ narrates Whitman’s own attitude. In the story, the hero, Archibald Dean, left the New York City due to a fire incident and took the charge of a school. H e successfully wrote some novella about rising temperance movement. Benjamin who was Whitman’s partner published his Franklin Evans; or the Inebriate in New World. Whitman’s handling romance and passion in this novel is remarkable. Approximately, 20000 copies of Franklin Evans were sold. This was the novel that Whitman completed in three days. Whitman supported temperance movement in his another two stories- ‘Wild Frank’s Return’ and ‘The Child’s Champion’ Soon he started another novel ‘The Madman’ on the theme of temperance but he left it in the middle. It is assumed that his temperance issue came from the drinking habits of his father or may be his habit of drinking at the time of school teaching. Whitman and The Leaves of Grass: Having faith in his own fictional journey of national importance, Whitman published his Leaves of Grass on 4 July 1855. He believed that he could give his poetry to the common men and when Leaves of Grass got published, he imagined himself the poet of America and referred himself â€Å"one of the roughs†, a common man (Pierce A. Jason, 1992). The poem clearly classified Whitman’s goal as a national poet who was a self styled poet. Leaves of Grass had the series of edition making the poet and nation’s life unique (Pierce A. Jason, 1992). His ‘The Leaves of Grass’ became the notorious collection. In 1855, he got it published privately, as no reputed publisher was ready to publish it. The 19th century Americans were not ready to accept the subjects like homo-sexuality, respect for prostitutes, religious references about Adams and Eves that was the subject of this work. Whitman included the civil war thing in the third edition of ‘The Leaves of Grass’ as the war erupted in 1861. At that time Abraham Lincoln’s assassination affected him a lot and he got inspiration to write his most remarkable poem â€Å"When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom†. His war poetry titled â€Å"Drum Taps† was added in to Leaves of Grass. He would declare that his leaves of Grass spin around the four years of civil war   (Pierce A. Jason, 1992). Whitman was never discouraged. He never stopped revising â€Å"The Leaves of Grass† and kept on adding poems. He added poems at leas eight times. For the first edition of â€Å"The Leaves of Grass†, he paid from his own pocket and got only 795 copies printed. Whitman never put his name on the title page of the book and that was assumed unconventional and it was understood that not putting the name on the title page was much about America not the writer himself. Whitman never got married and never left America. He never lost his hope even in his last years, though he was badly criticized for his work â€Å"The Leaves of Grass†. He always kept his self-esteem. In 1881, again the disputable publication of â€Å"The Leaves of Grass† appeared. Same time Whitman published â€Å"Specimen Days and Collect†. In 1888, his collection of newspaper pieces â€Å"November Boughs† was published. On May 26, 1892 Whitman died. And after death he got lot of recognition. American poetry got enriched with the poetic ideas of Whitman. He emphasized on the natural and simple way of poetry. His use of free verse put deep effect on the poetry. His poems have variety in rhythm. After his death he left many notes about the intention of writing â€Å"The Leaves of Grass†. He was a tolerant, contended and joyful man. Whitman’s place in American history is mysterious. It seems that it is based on the ideas upon which America was established (Pierce A. Jason, 1992). References: Biography of Walt Whitman, http://utut.essortment.com/waltwhitmanbio_pmq.htm Folsom, Ed and Price, Kenneth M., Biography of Walt Whitman, http://whitmanarchive.org/biography/index.html Carpenter Edward, Days with Walt Whitman With Some Notes On his Life and works Folsom, Ed and Price, Kenneth, Rescripting Walt Whitman: An Introduction To His Life and Work. Pierce, Jason A., 1992, Walt Whitman and the development of Leaves of Grass, http://library.sc.edu/spcoll/amlit/whitman.html The Life of Walt Whitman, http://www.poetseers.org/early-american-poets/walt-whitman/whitman-biography/ Walt Whitman, http://www.kirjasto.sci.fi/wwhitman.htm How to cite Life of Walt Whitman, Essay examples

Case Study on the Death of Michael Booth for Canberra Construction

Question: Discuss about theCase Study on the Death of Michael Booth for Canberra Construction. Answer: Introduction According to Christian and Miriam (2016), the death of a North Korean who was working at a shipyard in Gdansk region was caused by lack of necessary equipment and unsafe practices. The employee was burnt around ninety-five (95) percent and he died instantly. The question raised focuses on the responsible authorities undertaking the required steps to find out what happened under such incidence. Besides, it is evident that the employers taken accountable, and are always the victims being compensated. The main aim of this case study essay on the death of a forty-eight-year-old man one Michael Booth is to help you understand how some of these cases are always handled. It is to show you what really transpired that lead to his death at a construction firm in Canberra. How the responsible authorities handled the matter, how they should have handled it and what should have been done to avoid such an incident. Relevant Literature Risk management is defined as the process of identification, prioritization, as well as assessment of risks. It also involves the coordination of economic application with the aim of minimizing, monitoring, and controlling the possibility and impact of risk occurrence. In a systematic study, Michael (2017) denotes that public awareness of possible risks and hazards in the working place helps in enhancing the essentiality of safety management and assessment in the current increasingly dangerous and litigious society. In other words, there is a need of evaluating risks and safety related issues experienced in the workplace by adopting strategies that are structured and calculated. Many people have died in the construction sites over the years, most parties being either employee of the construction firm or the suppliers. In most occasions, it has come out that most of this death is caused by the laxity of the employer to provide safety equipment required for the task, employer not provi ding a safe working environment according to the established standards or lack of adequate training by the employer. This paper evaluates safety issues in reference to Canberra Construction Company. The Actual Incident that Transpired and Actions Taken According to Lisa (2012), Mr. Michael Booth a forty-eight-year-old was working for a company that was supplying Canberra Construction firm known as Kenoss with construction equipment. On the twenty-third day of March 2012 as he drove into the construction site, his truck came into contact with an overhead electricity line that was hanging too low and he got electrocuted in the incident. He could not see it because the area was covered with trees and since it was a windy day, obviously the construction site was full of dust (Gordon, 2015). He was found lying by his truck where he was rushed to the hospital and unfortunately died five days later. According to Gordon (2015), his brother confirmed that he actually died due to the effect of the electrocution and after his death, they donated his lungs and kidney to the hospital to help those who needed such kind of transplant. They did this because Michael had requested it to be done whenever he would have died. According to Michael (2017), after the death of Michael Booth, there was an attempt by Kenoss to alter his attendance record for that day to avoid any investigation that would have been conducted but they did not manage to successfully do so. At the same time, the company was going into liquidation and was dealing with a lot in terms of clearing with creditors and other liquidation processes. Social networking sites have revolutionized that Mark McCabe an ACT SAFEWORK commissioner investigated the matter by visiting the site where the incident occurred, interviewed the employers and employees of Kenoss even though it was going on liquidation and found out that the company did not adhere to very many safety rules. While giving her ruling on the case, ACT SAFEWORK Chief Magistrate Mrs. Walker mentioned that the exact issue which caused the death was not carefully handled by the firm and that the risk was obvious. She went ahead and clarified that in their investigation they learned that the employees of the firm were informed not to use long equipment in the compound because of the low-hanging electricity wires but the visitors were not informed about the issue. When Mark McCabe went to do investigation he was not checked in, he was not informed about the safety rules within the site and was made aware of the hanging electricity wires, they only showed me what they wanted m e to see, said Mark (Yass Tribune, 2012). According to the evidence that was tabled in the ACT supreme court, the chief magistrate Walker found the prosecution team was able to prove beyond any reasonable doubt that the Construction firm Kenoss was guilty of breaching the work safety laws as charged (Charles, Stephen Michael, 2015). Mrs. Walker fined the company USD 1.1 million a sum which is said to be the largest of all time in the history of such cases. This was to act as a warning to companies who break the work safety laws (Clyde, 2017). The Manager was also arraigned in court but it was ruled that he had no case to answer as an individual. Walker found out that the prosecutor could not prove that he had responsibility for operations and that his role was to simply manage. What SAFEWORK Would Have Done Differently In the ruling, it is noticed that the SAFEWORK Chief executive officer Mrs. Walker does not give any recommendation on the sections of the law that she had noticed have hindered some of the decision to be made by the court. According to Burchil (2015), the manager was not found with any case to answer simply because the law does not place him in a position to be in charge of operation in the site. These comprise of safety, we have seen this giving him a way out, but he ought to be responsible since he was the one holding the highest rank in the site. The General Manager informed the court that he was not qualified for the position, but since he was related to the General Manager of the organization, it was given to him out of favor (Clyde, 2017). The Chief Executive Officer Mrs. Walker should have held the General Manager accountable through the Human Resource office for employing someone who is not qualified for such a sensitive position thereby leading to the death of a forty-eight-year-old man who obviously had mouths to feed and also a long life to live. Another issue, which could have been handled differently, is compensation. According to Lisa (2012), the court was doing sideway negotiations with the company to pay USD 300,000 to the family. I feel that Mrs. Walker being the Chief Executive Officer of ACT SAFEWORK should have included this in her ruling so that it becomes a mandatory issue for the firm and not to be treated as a mere gentleman agreement which was done in a coffee shop. To be more precise, three-quarters of the fine should have gone to the family. It could not have raised Michael from death but at least it could have reduced the tears of the family. Who does not the power of money? If this was not in the law then Mrs. Walker should have at least recommended it. The Setup of the Work Place According to Lisa (2012), the site was located exactly beside the road since the firm was constructing that road by that time. There was no sign warning where the electrical wires were hanging, no flag attached to the lines to show people their danger and the wires were hanging exactly where Michael was to offload. According to Gordon, (2015), the area was covered by trees and it was a windy day, the area was full of dust and seeing clearly was a problem. How the Safety Breach Would Have Been Avoided The Death of Michael Booth was caused out of the negligence of the company in following the safety rules of a workplace. One of the steps the Company should have taken is to communicate the safety policy to both employees and visitors so that they become aware of any danger they may get into when executing some of their duties within the company. According to McPhaul (2012), all organizations are required to have the safety rules, if employees are more than five, then the rules should on writing pined on a notice board or incorporated in the employees handbook. Another issue the Company should have considered is to do a risk assessment. Risk assessment is the process of determining any possible outcome that can happen to employees or visitor within the company during the daily operations (Kapp Han (2017). The employer should keep the findings of the assessment in a written form and clearly state the measures that have been put in place to minimize such accidents. If this would have been done, Michael could have been aware of the risk he might get himself in when off-loading his truck near the hanging electricity wires. To reduce this kind of safety breach the company should have dealt with any hazards promptly. According to Nikraz and Chen (2016), most accidents and death in organizations are mainly caused by preventable dangers and reducing such risk always requires straightforward action. The hanging electricity lines were a straightforward risk that required quick repair to avoid accident and death as witnessed in the case of the victim Michael Booth. How I Would Have Handled the Issue if I Worked at the Company. If I was the Manager of Kenoss Construction Company, I would have acted in a very different manner. According to Gordon, (2015), Michael was rushed to the hospital that was not close to the Company. The first thing I would have done is to make sure Michael got the first aid right at the site before being taken to the hospital, this would have reduced the electrocution effects. After the death of Michael, I would have advised the General Manager to compensate Michaels family rather than trying to delete his visiting records in the book. The electricity company would have been a part of the case since they are liable to check that all the power lines are maintained. Besides, the power lines should not be imposable to any threat to human life. Conclusion In all countries across the world, there are laws on matters of safety in a workplace. Employers are expected to live up to these laws and failure to which may lead to criminal prosecution in a magistrate court as was witnessed in this case of Michael Booth. Judges of the magistrate court should impose very stiff rules on matters regarding human safety at the workplace to avoid sad deaths like the one for Michael. I am impressed by the way in which the Chief Magistrate of ACT SAFEWORK Mrs. Walker handled the case and gave her ruling. Governments should hand over at least three-quarter of the fine to the bereaved family to help them with their financial needs especially when if the victim was the breadwinner. References Alfers, L., Xulu, P., Dobson, R. (2016). Promoting workplace health and safety in urban public space: reflections from Durban, South Africa. Environment Urbanization, 28(2),391-404. Charles, P. Stephen, T Michael, S. (2015). Work, health Safety. Holding Redclich, 123(8), 1-5. Stergiou-Kita, M., Mansfield, E., Colantonio, A., Moody, J., Mantis, S. (2016). What's gender got to do with it? Examining masculinities, health and safety and return to work in male dominated skilled trades. Work, 54(3), 721-733. Clyde, D. (2017). Construction company receives record NSW fine for electric shock. Lexology, 225(56), 1-4 Embracing Safety in the Workplace. (2016). Professional Safety, 61(8), 12. Christian, V. Miriam, W. (2016). How North Koreans Are Working Themselves to Death in Europe. Cash for Kim, 5(1), 3-6. Kapp, E. A., Han, A. A. (2017). Integrating Health With Safety: Now Is the Time. Professional Safety, 62(5), 44-49. Gordon, T. (2015)ABC News. Retrieved from https://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-08-19/construction-company-fined-1-million-over-workplace-death/6708032 Lisa, C. (2012). A Work Place Tragedy. The Canberra Time, 1(1), 1-6. McPhaul, K. (2012). Safety climate and workplace violence prevention in state-run residential addiction treatment centers. Work, 42(1), 47-56. Nikraz, H., Chen, Y. (2016). A study of influences of the workers' compensation and injury management regulations on aviation safety at a workplace. International Journal Of Injury Control Safety Promotion, 23(1), 99-104. Michael, S. (2017). Electrical safety. Health safety Handbook, 123(5) 3-8 Yass Tribune. (2012). Retrieved from https://www.yasstribune.com.au/story/215535/workplace-death-raises-questions/ Elizabeth, B. (2015) ABC News. Retrieved from https://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-06-23/kenoss-company-found-guilty-over-truck-drivers-electrocution/6568268 Burchill, C. (2015). Development of the Personal Workplace Safety Instrument for Emergency Nurses. Work, 51(1), 61-66